Volume 8, Issue 5, May – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Potential Use Beecomb Gel (Trigona Sp) in the

Healing Process of Periodontitis
(Wistar Experimental Animal Research)
Rismawati
Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Supriyana Endah Aryati Eko Ningtyas

Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang

Abstract:- Periodontitis is an advanced disease of The main cause of dental and oral diseases such as
untreated gingivitis which results in the destruction of the gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) and periodontitis
periodontal tissue which includes the gingiva, alveolar (inflammation of the supporting tissues of the teeth).3Plaque is
bone and cementum which is characterized by pocket a soft deposit that is clinically yellow-gray in color attached to
formation. Periodontitis can be treated by providing the surface of the teeth and hard surfaces in the oral cavity
therapy with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. consisting of 70-80% microorganisms and an intercellular
Honeycomb (Trigona Sp) contains flavonoids, phenolic matrix consisting of organic and inorganic materials derived
acids and their esters, which act as anti-inflammatory from saliva, gingival crevicular fluid and bacterial product.
agents. The purpose of this study was to prove that Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria were found in 85.75% of
honeycomb gel (Trigona Sp) as an alternative material subgingival plaque which is the beginning of periodontitis.4
has an effect on changes in clinical conditions in
periodontitis in Wistar rats. This type of research is true Gingivitis that is not treated will develop into
experiment and design using posttest only with control periodontitis, to prevent periodontitis can be done by
group design. Consisting of the 10% beehive gel (trigona maintaining oral hygiene by preventing the formation of
sp) intervention group, the positive control group was dental plaque buildup by brushing teeth, and removing
10% povidone iodine and distilled water. Observations calculus. Periodontitis can be treated by providing mechanical
were made for 7 days. The variables studied were gingival therapy such as scaling and root planing which is supported
inflammation using index gingiva and periodontal pocket. by the administration of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory
This study showed that there were inflammatory changes drugs.5
in Wistar rats with periodontitis, based on the results of
the unpaired test the honeycomb gel (p=0.001), povidone Anti-inflammatory agents must meet several
iodine (p=0.002) and distilled water (p=0.003) groups had requirements, including not being toxic to the human body but
significant differences. As for changes in periodontal lethal to microorganisms, having a broad antibacterial
pockets, based on the results of the unpaired test in the spectrum that can kill microbes, low resistance, namely the
honeycomb gel group (p=0.009), povidone iodine lack of ability of bacteria to become resistant to bacterial
(p=0.001) and distilled water (p=0.001), there was a agents and have substantivity. The drug that is often used to
significant difference in each treatment group. prevent inflammation is povidone iodine and is also
commonly used as a wound medicine. However, for long-
Keywords:- Honeycomb Gel (Trigona Sp), Inflammation, term use it can cause side effects such as allergic reactions.
Periodontitis, Wistar Rats. Honeycomb (Trigona Sp) contains flavonoids which act as
anti-inflammatory agents.6
I. INTRODUCTION
Particles contained in beehives are propolis which act as
Dental and mouth problems that many people experience pharmacological are flavanoids, phenolic acids and their
in general include cavities, gingivitis, and tartar. According to esters, these parts effectively affect microorganisms, parasites
WHO statistical data, 98% of people in the world have a and infections. Honeycomb (Trigona Sp) has the ability as a
history of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, most of mitigation exercise, immunomodulator, and antitumor and can
which are inflammatory periodontal diseases and are the most be used in treating infections.7Apart from minimizing the side
common oral diseases after caries.1RISKESDAS 2018 data effects of using drugs that contain chemicals, the use of herbal
shows the percentage of periodontitis cases in Indonesia is ingredients is also due to the use of ingredients from nature
74.1%.2Dental plaque is the culprit. because they are easier to obtain and from an economic point
of view they are also more economical so that they can be
used by all groups of people.

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
The gel provides fast drug release and is highly which are often used as objects of clinical research because of
biocompatible with a lower risk of inflammation and side their different anatomical and physiological structures. has
effects and is easy to use, besides that the use of gel similarities with the structure of human anatomy and
dermatologically has several beneficial properties such as physiology.11Because of that the researchers used honeycomb
non-greasy, easily removed, easily spreadable, thixotropic, gel using a concentration of 10% in wistar rats.
emollient, non- coloring, and soluble or water soluble and
compatible with some excipients.8 9 II. RESEARCH METHOD

Honeycomb gel with a concentration of 10% has This research uses true experimental research, namely
antibacterial ability so it is effective in inhibiting the real research by controlling all external variables that affect
formation of biofilms which are the places for the the course of the research. The design of this study uses a
development of porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria, because it posttest only with control group design. Sampling was carried
has a bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting the synthesis of out using Simple Random Sampling.12 Subjects in this study
macromolecules of bacterial cells and causing damage to the were divided into two groups, namely the treatment group and
bacterial cell membrane due to its lipophilic nature.10Wistar the control group. The treatment group will be given
rats are widely used as laboratory animals because they have honeycomb gel (trigona sp) while the positive control group
advantages such as a relatively short life cycle, large number will be given povidone iodine and the negative control group
of offspring per birth, high variation in traits, easy to handle, will be given distilled water.
and production properties and characteristics of wistar rats

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1. Treatment tests on days 1, 3 and 7 of the 10% honeycomb gel group, the povidone iodine group and the distilled water
group (Gingival Index)
Treatment Day Mann withney kruskall-wallis
Sig. Sig Sig
Honeycomb gel (Trigona Sp) 10% 1 and 3 0.009
3 and 7 0.018 0.001
1 and 7 0.008
Povidone Iodine 10% 1 and 3 0.002
3 and 7 0.003 0.002 0.570
1 and 7 0.008
Aqudest 1 and 3 0.002
3 and 7 0.003 0.003
1 and 7 0.001

Based on the Mann-Withney unpaired test, inflammation For the Kruskall-Wallis test to compare the three
was measured using the Gingival Index in rats with variables or groups in each treatment day it has a p value
periodontitis which could be observed to have a p value <0.05 <0.05 so that there is also a significant difference between
so it can be concluded that there was a significant difference treatment days in the honeycomb gel (trigona sp) group,
between days 1 and 3, days 3 and 7 and days 1 and 7 in each povidone iodine treatment days and in aquades treatment
of the three different treatment groups. days. Meanwhile, to compare the 3 treatments, the value of p>
0.05 was obtained so that there was a change but there was no
significant difference from the treatment of the three groups.

Table 2. Treatment tests on days 1, 3 and 7 of the 10% honeycomb gel group, the povidone iodine group and the distilled water
group (periodontal pocket)
Treatment Day To- Mann-Withney Kruskall-Wallis
Sig. Sig. Sig
Honeycomb gel (Trigona Sp) 1 and 3 0.001
10% 3 and 7 0.008 0.009
1 and 7 0.006
Povidone Iodine 10% 1 and 3 0.004
3 and 7 0.002 0.001 0.379
1 and 7 0.008
Aqudest 1 and 3 0.001
3 and 7 0.001 0.001
1 and 7 0.007

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Based on the unpaired Mann Withney test, periodontal encouraging the migration of various cells including
pockets measured using a periodontal probe in rats with fibroblasts in the wound area.15 Honeycomb (Trigona Sp) has
periodontitis obtained a p value <0.05 so that there was a the ability as a mitigation, immunomodulatory, and antitumor
significant difference between treatment days 1 and 3, on days exercise and can be used in treating infections, the mechanism
3 and 7 and on days 1 and 7 on each -each three different of propolis' antimicrobial activity is based on inhibiting the
treatments. motility and activity of different bacterial enzymes and
weakening the stability of the cytoplasmic membrane. 16
In the unpaired Kruskall-Wallis test in each of the 3
groups, a p value <0.05 was obtained so that on each In line with this, a study conducted by Nila Kusuma also
treatment day in the honeycomb gel (trigona sp) group, on the showed that the content of beehives in the form of propolis is
povidone iodine treatment day and on the aquades treatment effective in reducing inflammation levels thereby curing mild
day there was a significant difference. Meanwhile, to compare gingivitis, other ingredients of propolis, especially B-complex
all 3 treatment groups, a p> 0.05 value was obtained so that vitamins, will help absorb minerals the body needs such as
there was a change but there was no significant difference iron, zinc, copper, chrome silizium, vanadium, manganese,
between the three groups. and sixteen essential amino acids needed for cell
regeneration.17
The active ingredient contained in the trigona sp beehive
is propolis. Propolis consists of ingredients namely  Effectiveness of honeycomb gel (Trigona Sp) on changes
flavonoids, phenols, aromatic compounds, amino acids, in periodontal pocket depth in periodontitis
minerals, vitamins A, E and B complex. Nearly 50% of Based on the mann-withney unpaired test to see changes
propolis is a flavonoid compound consisting of acetin, in the state of the periodontal pocket using 10% honeycomb
quercetin, naringenin and galangin. Based on the components gel (trigona sp) obtained values on days 1 and 3 (p=0.001),
of these compounds, honeycomb extract can be used as an days 3 and 7 (p=0.008), days 1 and 7 (0.006). The value
anti-inflammatory. The mechanism of action of honeycomb (p<0.05) indicated that there was a significant difference and
extract (Trigona Sp) as an anti-inflammatory is by reducing the administration of honeycomb gel (trigona sp) was
the number of inflammatory mediators, namely effective in changing the periodontal pocket in a better
macrophages.13Another content of propolis, namely apigenin direction.
and tt-farnesol, causes a decrease in the amount of
polysaccharides in the biofilm of microorganisms. Apigenin Then an unpaired Kruskall-Wallis test was performed to
and tt-farnesol will affect one of the polysaccharides in the compare the effect of the three treatments on changes in the
biofilm which functions for attachment to the cell surface, depth of the periodontal pocket. Honeycomb gel (trigona sp)
thereby stopping the formation of biofilms.14 had a value (p=0.009), the povidone iodine and distilled water
groups had the same value (p=0.001). Value (p <0.05) so that
 Effectiveness of honeycomb gel (Trigona Sp) to reduce this means that the three treatments have an influence on
gingival inflammation in periodontitis changes in the periodontal pocket of Wistar rats who
Based on a paired test to see changes in the condition of experience periodontitis.
gingival inflammation every day using the Mann-Withney test
showed that 10% honeycomb gel (trigona sp) obtained values The decrease in pocket depth can be caused by the work
on days 1 and 3 (p=0.009), on days 3 and 7 (p=0.018) ) and on of the honeycomb content in the form of propolis which
days 1 and 7 (p=0.008), the value (p<0.05) which means that directly eliminates the microbes in the periodontal pocket. So
the administration of 10% beehive gel (trigona sp) had a that one of the key factors in periodontal therapy is to first
significant difference and was effective in reducing gingival eliminate the causative factor, namely periodontopathogenic
inflammation in Wistar rats with periodontitis. Then, the bacteria. In accordance with the results of studies from
Kruskall-Wallis test was carried out to compare each various researchers who stated that the main characteristic of
treatment group. 10% honeycomb gel (trigona sp) had a value propolis is its ability as an antimicrobial agent.18This is in line
(p=0.001), the positive control group in the form of povidone with research conducted by Hetty Noveilga. The results of this
iodine had a value (p=0.002) and the negative control group in study show that propolis gel can inhibit the growth of the
the form of distilled water had a value (p=0.003) where the Porhpyromonas gingivalis bacteria. The content of flavonoids
value (p<0.0. in propolis has antibacterial activity through inhibiting the
function of bacterial DNA so that the ability of bacterial
Honeycomb gel (trigona Sp) as an alternative material replication and translation is inhibited. The biological activity
that is safe, non-toxic and effective. The active ingredient of the flavonoid compounds in propolis against bacteria is
contained in beehives (trigona sp) is propolis which acts as a carried out by damaging the cytoplasmic membrane of the
pharmacological agent, namely flavanoids, phenolic acids and bacteria.19
their esters, these parts effectively affect microorganisms,
parasites and infections. Reaction as an anti-inflammatory and The changes that occur in the transition from a normal
antioxidant from honeycomb (trigona sp) through inhibition gingival sulcus to a periodontal pocket are related to
of NF kβ activation and downregulation of pro-inflammatory differences in the number of bacterial cells in dental plaque.
enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 by reducing inflammatory The periodontal ligament connects the tooth to the jawbone
mediators produced through the arachidonic acid pathway, and also supports the tooth in its socket and absorbs the loads
reducing swelling of blood vessels in connective tissue, applied to the tooth. Periodontal disease causes loss of

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Volume 8, Issue 5, May – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
attachment of the periodontal tissues and cementum exposed study on male wistar rats (rattus norvegicus). Dentine.
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Gel on Density of Collagen Fibers in Gingival Wound
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 Administration of honeycomb gel (trigona sp) 10% effectiveness of the combination of Moringa oleifera
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