   HOMEPAGE  ANALYSIS  Islamic Thinking in Modern Times: Rasim Özdenören Islamic Thinking in Modern Times: Rasim Özdenören Furkan Emiroğlu  5  03 May 2023 Wednesday  Share Life of Rasim Özdenören Özdenören was born in Kahramanmaraş in 1940. After completing his primary and secondary education in Maraş, Malatya and Tunceli, he graduated from the Faculty of Law and Journalism at Istanbul University. There is no doubt that Özdenören's experience in education, culture-art, research, bureaucracy and civil service spread over one geography has provided him with a broad perspective. Özdenören, who was involved in literary circles since his early youth, shaped his intellectual personality with the experiences provided by being with people had made valuable contributions to the Turkish world of thought. It is known that the late Sezai Karakoç and Necip Fazıl Kısakürek had an influence on his intellectual accumulation. Özdenören passed away in 2022 and left behind an intellectuality that we keep thinking about. Rasim Özdenören's Corpus Rasim Özdenören has many short stories and essays to his credit. His essays such as Essays on Muslim Thinking, Kafa Karıştıran Kelimeler, Müslümanca Yaşamak, Yaşadığımız Günler, Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Sefaleti, Düşünsel Duruş (Thoughtful Stance) and his stories such as The Man Who Raised Roses and The Dissolution are are some classic examples. Özdenören, in his works in the story genre, gives a lot of space to dichotomies such as ontological anxiety-mysticism, life- death and different types of alienation themes. This situation points to the thematic similarity between his essays and stories, and thus to the wholeness of the issues that Muslims face. The dilemmas of the society and the individual who have moved away from their core values and the stance against the dissolution constitute the main theme of his works (Bulut, 2013, p.771). It is possible to trace the phenomenon of alienation in Özdenören's stories as well as his essays. In Özdenören's stories, which deal with rapid and radical changes and their striking effects on individual and community life, alienation of man from himself, society, family members, cultural and moral values, space and order is in question. As a result of the religious, economic and cultural crises of modernisation, the individual has lost the quality of being a subject in modern society and has been objectified. This situation reveals the alienation of the individual from himself. Different types of alienation are the subject of his works such as Mâni Olunmuş Adamlar, Ölünün Odaları, Toz, Hışırtı (Mantu, 2019, p.174). It is noteworthy that the author wrote his writings intensively in the 1980s and 1990s, despite the repressive conditions of the period. His preferred words and clear expression in his stories and essays make it easy to understand the subjects he deals with. However, when the whole of his corpus is analysed, it is noticed that the author touches upon recurrent issues. This situation, nevertheless, is considered valuable in terms of opening the door to liaisons and analyses between different concepts in each work. Possibilities of Islamic Thinking in the Contemporary Period The titles of the chapters in his work "Essays on Muslim Thinking", in which he presents his ideas on Muslim thinking, are remarkable: Panorama, Towards Healthy Thinking, Qualities of a Muslim, and Originality of Islam. A careful reading of these chapters and their discussed ideas will contribute to a thorough understanding of his thought. According to Özdenören, the democratic way of life has brought along a point of view that lacks a solid foundation. What should be comprehended here is that the concepts or meanings of the democratic order are not strong and reliable. The confusion of meaning we experience today has deepened with democracy, which is a product of the modern period, and then with post-modern thought. This situation causes concepts to lose their constancy and be easily manipulated. In addition, this situation reveals the problem of trust in politics and society.  It has been noted that with the capitalist order accompanying democracy, the fear of hunger has emerged in people, and this phenomenon is filled with a materialistic conditioning. It can be said that selfishness and utilitarianism have taken the place of altruism and unrequited cooperation as a result of the increase in the concern for sustenance and commodification (Özdenören, 2003, p.18-19). Raising the problem of not comprehending Islam, the author insists that Islam cannot be understood within the framework of Western thought. According to him, Islam can only be comprehended through a Muslim way of living and thinking. In this book, he states that the metaphysical aspect of Islam cannot be understood with the profane and materialistic aspects of Western thought, with which we are surrounded (Özdenören, 2003, p.24). In the chapter titled "Towards Healthy Thinking", Özdenören deals with how basic concepts are viewed from the perspective of diverse concepts and actors. Here, issues such as the dialectics of believing, the differences between the concepts of truth and right, the emphasis on the importance of basic preference, and the issues such as looking at Islam with foreign words are examined through an evaluation between Islam and the current time/age, In the section titled "The Qualities of a Muslim" Özdenören touches upon the necessity of the theory-action unity, the effect of the temperament factor on approaches, the necessity of obtaining Allah's consent as the ultimate goal, the method to be carried out in obtaining guidance and commitment, the possibilities of being a good Muslim in a world that is corrupt, the methods of understanding ourselves as a servant and obtaining knowledge, and the importance of being conscious. Under the title "The Originality of Islam" Özdenören argues that the basis of Islamic infrastructure is law, not economics, and points to the dialectical structure of Islam. Culture, philosophy, science, mysticism, asceticism, spiritualism and materialism, traditionalism, rationalism of Islam and their connection with human beings are questioned by the author and the misguided thoughts and behaviours of the people of our age are examined. According to the author, one of the requirements of thinking as a Muslim is to adopt and live Islamic morality. It is observed that in order to enjoin the good, to forbid the bad and to ensure the consistency of thought and action, Islamic belief and certain moral qualities are underlined in his works. Standing against oppression, acting with a sense of community, giving zakat, avoiding interest, staying away from doubt in faith, remembering death, paying attention to worship, being moral in state administration, not compromising honesty and truthfulness, taking care to preserve decency and good manners are some of them. Contrary to these, behaviours such as unfaithfulness, greed, being sarcastic, envying and being ungrateful are also morally disapproved actions. Özdenören emphasises that Muslim morality must be protected against the troubles of modernism. In Özdenören's intellectual and literary works, we frequently encounter thoughts on the virtues of Islamic morality against the manifestations of modernism such as individualism, lack of love, capitalism, secularism, economy of waste in state administration, international relations, consumption practices and social life. He opposes the adoption and use of Western concepts by Muslim societies. The way out of the resulting depression is seen to be possible through the individual and collective realisation of Muslim morality and its accompanying thought. The philosopher argues that the goal of obtaining Allah's consent with the "understanding of piety" he emphasises is more comprehensive than all other moral understandings that will form the basis for universal integrity (Filiz, 2019, pp.106, 107). An Attempt to Eliminate the Confusion of Concepts Rasim Özdenören indicates that one of the most serious problems faced by the Muslim individual in the contemporary period is the misinterpretation of certain concepts. The thinker emphasises this in his classic work titled "Kafa Karıştıran Kelimeler" and several other essays. For him, with Türkiye’s Westernisation process, our very own concepts have lost their meaning. Stating that this situation has cause a confusion, Özdenören emphasises the necessity to use them in the context of Islamic thought. Özdenören points out that the understanding and interpretation of Islam by associating a non- Islamic way of thinking is a diversion and delusion. He underlines that the search for a new synthesis that can be created by combining Islam with its antithesis will produce a result that is incompatible with Islam (Özdenören, 1994b, pp.70-71I). In the face of criticisms about Islam and its practice, Özdenören states that Islamic thought is not just a theory apart from practices, that it has a liveable nature, and this can be experienced in the Qur'anic and Prophetic examples (Özdenören, 1994b, p.76). A State of Desolation: New World Order In his book The Misery of the New World Order, Özdenören argues that the concept of the "New World Order" emerged with the Gulf War in 1990 and claims that the world has become unipolar and that the hegemonic paradigm is now liberalism. Özdenören notes that the Cold War period lasted only from 1950 until the detente period, after which the United States and Western Europe established global supremacy, while USSR socialism lost power day by day. The USSR's need for foreign investments and advanced technology caused it to open the door to global capitalism during the detente period (Özdenören, 2022, p. 102). As the colour of the threat changed from red to green, Western European countries and the United States perceived Islam as an ontological threat. On this issue, Ömer Çaha, in his work Open Society Writings, states that the West in general and the United States in particular have based their relations with Islamic countries on the principle of utility. While the United States does not bother with countries that serve its personal interests, even those ruled by dictatorships, it oppresses countries that oppose its interests on grounds such as human rights and democratisation. In this respect, global modernisation is not perceived as sincere by Islamic countries and is not approached for adoption due to the double standard foreign policies of Western states (Çaha, 2004, p. 61). While globalisation, which is an indispensable part of the new world order, envisages the integration of the world under Western economic and cultural hegemony, Islam rejects such a unification. Based on this idea, Özdenören states that all countries of the world should preserve their cultural uniqueness while establishing mutual relations (Özdenören, 1997a, p.9). Apart from the above mentioned, the ideas on common international relations are included in detail in Özdenören's Cross Relations (Özdenören, 1997a, p.8). Conclusion Rasim Özdenören has contributed in determination of today's problems and has tried to bring justified answers to the question "What should be done?" As we have discussed in this article, the thinker has made clarifying explanations on how to think in a Islamic way, how to live as a Muslim and in accordance with the idea-action harmony that accompanies Muslim thinking, and how the effort to make sense of global developments and the state of action should be. In the light of his writings on thinking correctly and avoiding misinterpretation of concepts, the importance of developing them in accordance with Islamic principles and having a Muslim mindset is becoming even more crucial, especially in the face of modernity. References Akkoç, F. (2019). Rasim Özdenören’in eserlerinde Müslüman ahlakı. (master's thesis). Social Sciences University of Ankara, Institute for Islamic Studies, Ankara. Bulut, A. (2013). Rasim Özdenören hakkında bir monografi çalışması. (Doctoral dissertation) Gazi University, Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara, Çaha, Ö. (2004). Açık toplum yazıları, Ankara: Liberte Publications. Mantu, U. (2019). Rasim Özdenören’in öykülerinde yabancılaşma. (Master’s thesesis). Istanbul University Institute of Social Sciences, Istanbul. Özdenören, R. (1997). Çapraz ilişkiler, Istanbul: İz Publication. Özdenören, R. (1994). Kafa karıştıran kelimeler, Istanbul: İz Publication. Özdenören, R. (1997). Müslümanca düşünme üzerine denemeler, Istanbul: İz Publication. Özdenören, R. (1994). Müslümanca yaşamak, Istanbul: İz Publication. Özdenören, R. (2022). Yeni dünya düzeninin sefaleti, Istanbul: İz Publication.  Share 

“The Empathy and Compassion Unified the Muslim World in This Difficult Time” Earthquake Solidarity of Muslim Societies: An Interview with Hüseyin Oruç from IHH Portre Islamic Thinking in Modern Times: Rasim Özdenören THEME: ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN THE WORLD Published by ILKE Foundation. MARCH 2023 25 Research Centre for Social Thought and Policy (TODAM) aims to investigate the problems faced by Muslim societies, in particular Türkiye, including their nature, interconnectivity, and suggest concrete solutions to these problems by combining the experiences from the Turkish society and the Muslim world. With its diverse range of research and publication studies TODAM aims to address the leading problems of Türkiye and Muslim societies such as unemployment, income inequality, brain drain, asylum seekers, urbanization, human rights violations, domestic violence, pension system and housing, and offer solutions to them in the light of quantitative data. 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The Muslim world’s contributions to global issues and its intellectual advances are presented to Turkiye and the whole world through Platform magazine. The magazine keeps its finger on the pulse of the Muslim world and uses its website and database to share news and developments related to different institutions, movements, activities, and personalities. Project Coordinator Lütfi Sunar Director Elyesa Koytak Editor(s) Büşra İnce, Selvanur Demircan Advisory Board Ahsan Shafiq, M. Hüseyin Mercan Proofreading Ahsan Shafiq Graphic Design Seyfullah Bayram, Betül Berra Kurt ©All rights reserved. No part of this magazine may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means whatsoever without express written permission from the ILKE Foundation. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not reflect the official position of ILKE Foundation. ILKE Publication No: 173 | E-ISSN: 2980-1249 platform.ilke.org.tr platform@ilke.org.tr @platform_ilke Islamic Thinking Life of Rasim Özdenören Özdenören was born in Kahramanmaraş in 1940. After completing his primary and secondary education in in Modern Times: Maraş, Malatya and Tunceli, he graduated from the Faculty of Law and Journalism at Istanbul University. There is no doubt that Özdenören’s experience in education, culture-art, research, bureaucracy and civil Rasim Özdenören service spread over one geography has provided him with a broad perspective. Özdenören, who was invol- ved in literary circles since his early youth, shaped his intellectual personality with the experiences provided by being with people had made valuable contributions to the Turkish world of thought. It is known that the late Sezai Karakoç and Necip Fazıl Kısakürek had an influence on his intellectual accumulation. Özdenören passed away in 2022 and left behind an intellectuality that we keep thinking about. Rasim Özdenören’s Corpus Rasim Özdenören has many short stories and essays to his credit. His essays such as Müslümanca Düşün- ce Üzerine Denemeler (Essays on Muslim Thinking), Essays on Muslim Thinking, Kafa Karıştıran Kelimeler (Confusing Words), Müslümanca Yaşamak (Living a Muslim Life), Yaşadığımız Günler (The Days We Live), Yeni Dünya Düzeni’nin Sefalati (Misery of New World Order), Düşünsel Duruş (Intellectual Stance)., Kafa Karıştıran Kelimeler, Müslümanca Yaşamak, Yaşadığımız Günler, Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Sefaleti, Furkan Emiroğlu Düşünsel Duruş and his stories such as Gül Yetiştiren Istanbul Medeniyet University, Adam and Çözülme are are some classic examples. Political Science and Public Özdenören, in his works in the story genre, gives a Administration, MA Student lot of space to dichotomies such as ontological http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/pmdg07 anxiety-mysticism, life-death and different types of alienation themes. This situation points to the thematic similarity between his essays and stories, and thus to the wholeness of the issues that Muslims face. The dilemmas of the society and the individual who have moved away from their core values and the stance against the dissolution constitute the main theme of his works (Bulut, 2013, p.771). It is possible to trace the phenomenon of alienation in Özdenören’s stories as well as his essays. In Öz- denören’s stories, which deal with rapid and radical changes and their striking effects on individual and community life, alienation of man from himself, 32  Rasim Özdenören (1940-2022) society, family members, cultural analysed, it is noticed that the aut- and moral values, space and order hor touches upon recurrent issu- is in question. As a result of the es. This situation, nevertheless, is religious, economic and cultural considered valuable in terms of crises of modernisation, the indi- opening the door to liaisons and vidual has lost the quality of being analyses between different con- a subject in modern society and The confusion cepts in each work. has been objectified. This situa- of meaning we tion reveals the alienation of the individual from himself. Different experience today Possibilities of types of alienation are the subject has deepened with Islamic Thinking in of his works such as Mâni Olunmuş democracy, which the Contemporary Adamlar, Ölünün Odaları, Toz, Hışırtı (Mantu, 2019, p.174). is a product of the Period It is noteworthy that the author modern period, and The titles of the chapters in his wrote his writings intensively in then with post- work “Müslümanca Düşünme Üze- the 1980s and 1990s, despite the modern thought. rine Denemeler (Essays on Muslim repressive conditions of the peri- Thinking)”, in which he presents od. His preferred words and clear his ideas on Muslim thinking, are expression in his stories and essays remarkable: Panorama, Sağlıklı Dü- make it easy to understand the şünmeye Doğru (Towards Healthy subjects he deals with. However, Thinking), Müslümanın Nitelikleri when the whole of his corpus is (Qualities of Mıuslim), İslam’ın 33  Özdenören points out that the understanding and interpretation of Islam by associating a non-Islamic way of thinking is a diversion and delusion. Özgünlüğü (Authenticity of Islam). A careful reading In the chapter titled “Towards Healthy Thinking”, Öz- of these chapters and their discussed ideas will cont- denören deals with how basic concepts are viewed ribute to a thorough understanding of his thought. from the perspective of diverse concepts and actors. Here, issues such as the dialectics of believing, the According to Özdenören, the democratic way of life differences between the concepts of truth and right, has brought along a point of view that lacks a solid the emphasis on the importance of basic preference, foundation. What should be comprehended here is and the issues such as looking at Islam with foreign that the concepts or meanings of the democratic words are examined through an evaluation between order are not strong and reliable. The confusion Islam and the current time/age. of meaning we experience today has deepened with democracy, which is a product of the modern In the section titled “The Qualities of a Muslim” period, and then with post-modern thought. This Özdenören touches upon the necessity of the the- situation causes concepts to lose their constancy ory-action unity, the effect of the temperament and be easily manipulated. In addition, this situation factor on approaches, the necessity of obtaining reveals the problem of trust in politics and society. Allah’s consent as the ultimate goal, the method to It has been noted that with the capitalist order be carried out in obtaining guidance and commit- accompanying democracy, the fear of hunger has ment, the possibilities of being a good Muslim in a emerged in people, and this phenomenon is filled world that is corrupt, the methods of understanding with a materialistic conditioning. It can be said that ourselves as a servant and obtaining knowledge, and selfishness and utilitarianism have taken the place the importance of being conscious. of altruism and unrequited cooperation as a result Under the title “Authenticity of Islam” Özdenören of the increase in the concern for sustenance and argues that the basis of Islamic infrastructure is law, commodification (Özdenören, 2003, p.18-19). not economics, and points to the dialectical structu- Raising the problem of not comprehending Islam, re of Islam. Culture, philosophy, science, mysticism, the author insists that Islam cannot be understood asceticism, spiritualism and materialism, traditiona- within the framework of Western thought. According lism, rationalism of Islam and their connection with to him, Islam can only be comprehended through human beings are questioned by the author and the a Muslim way of living and thinking. In this book, he misguided thoughts and behaviours of the people states that the metaphysical aspect of Islam cannot of our age are examined. be understood with the profane and materialistic According to the author, one of the requirements of aspects of Western thought, with which we are thinking as a Muslim is to adopt and live Islamic mo- surrounded (Özdenören, 2003, p.24). rality. It is observed that in order to enjoin the good, 34  Rasim Özdenören indicates that one of the most serious problems faced by the Muslim individual in the contemporary period is the misinterpretation of certain concepts. to forbid the bad and to ensure the consistency of An Attempt to Eliminate the thought and action, Islamic belief and certain moral qualities are underlined in his works. Standing aga- Confusion of Concepts inst oppression, acting with a sense of community, Rasim Özdenören indicates that one of the most giving zakat, avoiding interest, staying away from serious problems faced by the Muslim individual in doubt in faith, remembering death, paying attention the contemporary period is the misinterpretation to worship, being moral in state administration, not of certain concepts. The thinker emphasises this compromising honesty and truthfulness, taking care in his classic work titled “Kafa Karıştıran Kelimeler” to preserve decency and good manners are some of (Confusing Words) and several other essays. For him, them. Contrary to these, behaviours such as unfait- with Türkiye’s Westernisation process, our very own hfulness, greed, being sarcastic, envying and being concepts have lost their meaning. Stating that this ungrateful are also morally disapproved actions. situation has cause a confusion, Özdenören emp- Özdenören emphasises that Muslim morality must hasises the necessity to use them in the context of be protected against the troubles of modernism. In Islamic thought. Özdenören’s intellectual and literary works, we frequ- Özdenören points out that the understanding and ently encounter thoughts on the virtues of Islamic interpretation of Islam by associating a non-Isla- morality against the manifestations of modernism mic way of thinking is a diversion and delusion. He such as individualism, lack of love, capitalism, secu- underlines that the search for a new synthesis that larism, economy of waste in state administration, can be created by combining Islam with its antit- international relations, consumption practices and hesis will produce a result that is incompatible with social life. He opposes the adoption and use of Islam (Özdenören, 1994b, pp.70-71I). In the face of Western concepts by Muslim societies. The way out criticisms about Islam and its practice, Özdenören of the resulting depression is seen to be possible states that Islamic thought is not just a theory apart through the individual and collective realisation of from practices, that it has a liveable nature, and this Muslim morality and its accompanying thought. can be experienced in the Qur’anic and Prophetic The philosopher argues that the goal of obtaining examples (Özdenören, 1994b, p.76). Allah’s consent with the “understanding of piety” he emphasises is more comprehensive than all other moral understandings that will form the basis for A State of Desolation: New universal integrity (Filiz, 2019, pp.106, 107). World Order In his book The Misery of the New World Order, 35 Özdenören argues that the concept of the “New Conclusion World Order” emerged with the Gulf War in 1990 and claims that the world has become unipolar Rasim Özdenören has contributed in determination and that the hegemonic paradigm is now liberalism. of today’s problems and has tried to bring justified Özdenören notes that the Cold War period lasted answers to the question “What should be done?” only from 1950 until the detente period, after which As we have discussed in this article, the thinker the United States and Western Europe established has made clarifying explanations on how to think global supremacy, while USSR socialism lost power in a Islamic way, how to live as a Muslim and in day by day. The USSR’s need for foreign investments accordance with the idea-action harmony that ac- and advanced technology caused it to open the companies Muslim thinking, and how the effort to door to global capitalism during the detente period make sense of global developments and the state (Özdenören, 2022, p. 102). As the colour of the th- of action should be. In the light of his writings on reat changed from red to green, Western European thinking correctly and avoiding misinterpretation countries and the United States perceived Islam as of concepts, the importance of developing them an ontological threat. On this issue, Ömer Çaha, in in accordance with Islamic principles and having his work Open Society Writings, states that the West a Muslim mindset is becoming even more crucial, in general and the United States in particular have especially in the face of modernity. based their relations with Islamic countries on the principle of utility. While the United States does not References bother with countries that serve its personal inte- Akkoç, F. (2019). Rasim Özdenören’in eserlerinde Müslüman ahlakı. rests, even those ruled by dictatorships, it oppresses (master’s thesis). Social Sciences University of Ankara, countries that oppose its interests on grounds such Institute for Islamic Studies, Ankara. as human rights and democratisation. In this respect, Bulut, A. (2013). Rasim Özdenören hakkında bir monografi global modernisation is not perceived as sincere by çalışması. (Doctoral dissertation) Gazi University, Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara, Islamic countries and is not approached for adop- Çaha, Ö. (2004). Açık toplum yazıları, Ankara: Liberte Publications. tion due to the double standard foreign policies of Western states (Çaha, 2004, p. 61). Mantu, U. (2019). Rasim Özdenören’in öykülerinde yabancılaşma. (Master’s thesesis). Istanbul University Institute of Social While globalisation, which is an indispensable part Sciences, Istanbul. of the new world order, envisages the integration Özdenören, R. (1997). Çapraz ilişkiler, Istanbul: İz Publication. of the world under Western economic and cultural Özdenören, R. (1994). Kafa karıştıran kelimeler, Istanbul: İz hegemony, Islam rejects such a unification. Based on Publication. this idea, Özdenören states that all countries of the Özdenören, R. (1997). Müslümanca düşünme üzerine denemeler, Istanbul: İz Publication. world should preserve their cultural uniqueness while Özdenören, R. (1994). Müslümanca yaşamak, Istanbul: İz establishing mutual relations (Özdenören, 1997a, p.9). Publication. Apart from the above mentioned, the ideas on com- Özdenören, R. (2022). Yeni dünya düzeninin sefaleti, Istanbul: İz mon international relations are included in detail in Publication. Özdenören’s Cross Relations (Özdenören, 1997a, p.8). 36  The Platform is published by TODAM under auspices of ILKE Foundation for Science, Culture and Education in an attempt to provide up-to-date and original perspectives on the intellectual, political, social, economic and cultural affairs of Muslim societies. The Platform is published as part of the Thought and Movements in Muslim Societies Project. It aims to be a platform where the Muslim world affairs are analysed in light og the activities of major think tanks, research centres and institutes, universities, and political, religious, and social movements. The Muslim world’s contributions to global issues and its intellectual advances are presented to Turkiye and the whole world through Platform magazine. The magazine keeps its finger on the pulse of the Muslim world and uses its website and database to share news and developments related to different institutions, movements, activities, and personalities. platform.ilke.org.tr platform@ilke.org.tr @platform_ilke A: Aziz Mahmut Hüdayi Mah. Türbe Kapısı Sk. No: 13 Üsküdar/ İstanbul P: +90 216 532 63 70 Email: todam@ilke.org.tr Web: ilke.org.tr/todam 38